Ransomware

Ransomware usually follows a common attack pattern:

1. Intrusion: Via email, infected websites, or fake applications.
2. Execution: The malicious file runs and installs on the system.
3. Encryption: It blocks access to critical files or even the entire system.
4. Ransom demand: A warning screen appears demanding payment.
    

In many cases, attackers use a second extortion technique, threatening to publish confidential data if the ransom is not paid.

Ransomware attacks have diversified over time. Here are some of the best-known variants:

WannaCry

In 2017, the WannaCry ransomware caused one of the biggest cyberattacks in history, after spreading rapidly, and affecting numerous organizations worldwide. It hit hospitals, factories, and public services across more than 150 countries, exploiting a Windows vulnerability known as EternalBlue, developed by the NSA and leaked on the Internet.

NotPetya/Petya

NotPetya was particularly destructive. It masqueraded as ransomware, though its main goal was to inflict massive damage, affecting critical infrastructure. Instead of encrypting files, it encrypted the master boot record (MBR), rendering systems unusable.

BadRabbit

This ransomware spread through compromised websites, encrypting files and demanding payments in Bitcoin.

CryptoLocker

CryptoLocker used RSA encryption keys to lock files and demanded payment in Bitcoin for their recovery.

Maze, REvil, and Dharma

These are part of a new generation of ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS), where developers sell their tools to affiliates who carry out the attacks. This has made ransomware accessible even to cybercriminals with little technical expertise.

Recent research has revealed that hacker groups use emerging countries as testing grounds to perfect ransomware attacks before deploying them in more developed regions. This allows them to detect weaknesses, measure the effectiveness of the malware, and refine their methods of propagation.

To prevent ransomware infections, it is advisable to:

1. Keep software up to date: Regularly apply security patches to operating systems, applications, and other installed programs.
2. Avoid clicking suspicious links and files: Do not open emails from unknown senders or download files from untrusted sources.
3. Make backup copies: Regularly make backups of important data to external devices or cloud storage.
4. Use reliable, advanced cybersecurity solutions: Good protection software detects and blocks threats in real time, preventing them from running. Make sure you have up-to-date antivirus and anti-malware tools.

Panda Security offers advanced solutions to protect against ransomware. Discover how Panda Dome protects you from ransomware with cloud protection technology, smart firewall, behavior analysis, and automated backups.